基于迁移学习的原子力显微镜成像恢复方法

受限于探针针尖结构尺寸,用原子力显微镜进行微纳测量时会产生图像边缘失真.提出了一种基于迁移学习的原子力显微镜成像恢复方法,通过迁移学习训练源模型和靶模型实现一维栅格成像恢复.该方法采用数学形态法中的腐蚀算法生成栅格点云数据,通过U-Net网络源模型从点云中提取针尖卷积效应的特征向量,将权重参数迁移至U-Net网络靶模型,靶模型在自适应正则化方法下进行监督学习.实验结果表明,该方法能有效恢复一维栅格的原子力显微镜测量图像,提高横向分辨力,可用于纳米栅格的线宽检测上.     

过渡金属Co2+离子掺杂ZnS硫化物纳米晶制备与中红外发光特性研究

利用不含有机相的简单水热法制备了Co^2+∶ZnS纳米晶,纳米晶具有立方闪锌矿结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为8.3 nm,在808 nm激光泵浦下具有2~5μm波段的中红外荧光发射,中心波长位于3400 nm和4700 nm,分别对应Co^2+离子的4T2(F)→4 A 1(F)和4T1(F)→4T2(F)的能级跃迁.进一步将制备的纳米晶在还原气氛下进行800℃热处理,获得立方闪锌矿和纤锌矿混合晶型的纳米晶,平均晶粒尺寸增大到22.5 nm左右,热处理后的纳米晶表面羟基含量更低,中红外荧光发射强度显著提高.该Co^2+∶ZnS纳米晶的制备方法简单、在制备过程中不引入有机相等荧光淬灭中心,同时证明通过后热处理过程可以进一步减少表面缺陷及羟基含量,使荧光强度得到大幅提升.     

AlGaN基宽禁带半导体光电材料与器件

AlGaN基材料是带隙可调的直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料,是制备紫外(UV)光电子器件的理想材料.经过数十年的研究,目前已经在异质衬底外延生长AlGaN基材料、高效掺杂等方面取得了巨大进展.以此为基础,AlGaN基紫外光电器件制备领域也得到长足发展.在本综述中,主要介绍了高质量AlGaN基材料的MOCVD外延生长方法、掺杂方法以及近年来在紫外发光、紫外探测器件方面取得的进展.     

关于循环环的理想、素理想和极大理想

研究了循环环R=的理想、素理想和极大理想的个数和结构,得到了如下结论:1)理想:(1)若|R|=∞,则R共有无穷多个理想:;(2)若|R|=n,设n的正因数个数为T(n),则R共有T(n)个理想:.2)素理想:(1)若|R|=∞,设a^2=ka(k≥0),①当k=0时,R的素理想只有R;②当k>0时,R的素理想共有无穷多个,它们是:{0}、R及;(2)若|R|=n>1,设a^2=ka,0≤k.3)极大理想:(1)若|R|=∞,则R有无限多个极大理想,它们是;(2)若|R|=n>1,设n的互不相同的素因数个数为ψ(n),则R共有ψ(n)个极大理想:(pa|p是n的素因数).     

纳米孔壁面作用对蛋白质过孔影响的粗粒化分子动力学模拟

基于粗粒化分子动力学方法模拟电驱动蛋白质过孔过程，研究纳米孔-水/纳米孔-蛋白质相互作用对电泳迁移率的影响；用操控式分子动力学模拟分析蛋白质在不同相互作用下过孔摩擦系数和摩擦阻力.研究发现：蛋白质黏附纳米孔壁面对其过孔特性影响并不明显，而纳米孔-水相互作用对蛋白质过孔电泳迁移率和摩擦系数影响较大.随纳米孔-水相互作用增强，纳米孔壁面与蛋白质附近水分子运动差异显现，蛋白质过孔摩擦阻力显著增大，过孔摩擦系数随之增大，进而影响蛋白质过孔电泳迁移率.所得结果可为纳米孔材料设计提供理论指导.     

基于色彩衰减补偿和Retinex的水下图像增强

针对水下图像存在的色偏、雾状模糊、低曝光和非均匀光照问题, 提出一种基于色彩衰减补偿和Retinex的水下图像增强算法. 首先, 为校正水下图像的色偏, 利用水体对不同波长光线衰减不一致的特性自适应地补偿其R、G、B通道. 然后, 使用基于多尺度导向滤波的Retinex去除雾状模糊, 增强对比度. 最后, 根据水下图像和自然图像的直方图分布特征对其进行归一化处理, 从而在保存图像主要信息的前提下增强其纹理和曝光. 实验结果表明, 该算法不但具有较优的视觉感知效果, 而且具有较高的图像质量评价分数. 该算法具有较强的适应性, 有助于计算机视觉算法在水下的应用.     

Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Atroposelective C−H Amination of Arenes

N‐arylcarbazole structures are important because of their prevalence in natural products and functional OLED materials. C?H amination of arenes has been widely recognized as the most efficient approach to access these structures. Conventional strategies involving transition‐metal catalysts suffer from confined substrate generality and the requirement of exogenous oxidants. Organocatalytic enantioselective C–N chiral axis construction remains elusive. Presented here is the first organocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of novel axially chiral N‐arylcarbazole frameworks by the assembly of azonaphthalenes and carbazoles. This reaction accommodates broad substrate scope and gives atropisomeric N‐arylcarbazoles in good yields with excellent enantiocontrol. This approach not only offers an alternative to metal‐catalyzed C–N cross‐coupling, but also brings about opportunities for the exploitation of structurally diverse N‐aryl atropisomers and OLED materials.     

Predicting and researching adsorption configurations of pyridazine on Si(100) surface by means of X-ray spectroscopies in theory

The landscape of organic molecule on Si(100) surface has a great significance for organic functionalisation of Si semiconductor. Several possible adsorption configurations for pyridazine on Si(100) surface have been forecasted by systemic comparison and investigation. The C1s XPS and NEXAFS spectra of these adsorption systems based on density functional theory and full core-hole potential approximation have been calculated. Although the sensibility of XPS to these adsorption configurations is not very strong, these configurations can be absolutely distinguished by NEXAFS spectra, which will bring tremendous reference to the future experimental study. Mode II, III, V and VI have a significantly higher adsorption energy, which are most likely to be present in experiment. In addition, we have made the research on specific sources of the peaks in spectra by analysing their decomposed NEXAFS spectra, the results show that the Carbon atoms which do not bond to surface atoms, make the most contribute to the intensity of characteristic peaks in spectra.     

Terahertz wave emission from water lin es

To make further understanding of terahertz(THz)wave generation from liquid water,we study THz wave emission from water lines of different diameters.The water line with a smaller diameter generates a stronger THz electric field for the diameters from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.The THz electric field strength and polarity change with the relative position between the incident laser and water line.Moreover,the THz energy has an optimal radiation angle of about 60°.A two-dimensional dipole array model is introduced to illustrate the phenomenon.Our observations contribute to optimizing the scheme of the liquid THz source.     

非齐次动力学方程的一种精细积分单步方法

针对非齐次动力学方程■,结合精细积分法和微分求积法,利用同阶的显式龙格-库塔法对计算过程中待求的v_(k+i/s)(i=1,2,…,s)进行预估,提出了一种避免状态矩阵求逆的高效精细积分单步方法。该方法采用精细积分法计算e~(Ht),而Duhamel积分项采用s级s阶的时域微分求积法,计算格式统一且易于编程,可灵活实现变阶变步长。仿真结果表明,与其他单步法及预估校正-辛时间子域法进行数值比较,该方法具有高精度、高效率及良好的稳定性,在求解大规模动力系统时间响应问题中具有较大的优势。